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2016年3月16日 星期三

《創世記》的內心戲

請先讀Genesis 25: 27-34 三次。
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      倫理學是討論人與人(或是人與環境、人與大自然….)之間如何建立良善、和諧與美好的關係。《創世記》講很多和倫理學有關的故事,不過很多時候是舉出「負面」的例子,引導我們反省與探索。都是活生生的例子,而且直指人心,不只古代社會會碰到這些情況,幾千年來,這些問題狀況依存在。
       以撒、利百加(Rebecca)、以掃、雅各父子三人之間示範兄弟、父子,母子之間的互動的許多問題。

     以掃和雅各,雖是雙胞胎兄弟,個性完全不同。另一對雙胞胎該隱和亞伯,也是個性不同。看看你生活周遭,是不是很多雙胞胎的個性迥異,甚至常常爭執或吵架?
     我想問,哥哥以掃愛打獵,成天在外,有錯嗎? 聖經形容以掃是 a man of the open country, 中譯本翻譯是「常在田野」,但是,聖經並沒有說以掃貪玩、過動、不乖….;也許以掃是運動健將,也許他打獵,還幫家裡增加很多食物 …。這些都是猜測,如果要演出這一段戲碼,全憑演員揣摩和詮釋。
     Jacob was content to stay at home among the tents. 弟弟雅各則愛待在家裡,喜歡宅在家;後面說她煮紅豆湯,可見雅各廚藝應該不錯。但是,這就是乖小孩?也許他很愛打電動、不寫功課、或是天天手機….,他的真實個性也需要揣摩。不過,看起來他應該是會幫媽媽做家事,所以利百加比較喜歡雅各。
   看出這個家庭的問題了嗎? 基本上,最大的問題應該是: Isaac, who had a taste for wild game, loved Esau, but Rebecca loved Jacob.
      爸爸偏袒哥哥,媽媽偏袒弟弟,並不是很好的現象。一句話輕描淡寫,但是,很多沒寫的生活細節,全憑讀者猜想。想像一下,哥哥和弟弟吵架時,爸媽一定也會吵翻。你還可以想到那些場面?
    所以,媽媽處心積慮幫雅各,希望他比哥哥好一點、比哥哥強…,還幫雅各騙垂死的以撒。
     雅各煮紅豆湯,這可是西洋經典中的經典! 紅豆湯並不好煮,選豆、火侯、水的比例…等都會影響紅豆湯的口感與味道。一碗紅豆湯,改變兄弟的未來與命運,甚至改變以色列的歷史。
      以掃在外面玩累了,剛回到家,正好看見弟弟雅各在煮紅豆湯,就說,快給我一碗!語氣焦急,是因為太累太渴,也可能是因為這紅豆湯香氣四溢,太誘惑了。當他說快一點的時候就表示他非常渴望,這一碗紅豆湯充滿誘惑。
      以掃幾乎每天從外面回家,又餓又累,跟弟弟雅各要東西吃----這應該不是第一次,雅各也早已經抓住哥哥的弱點,趁機敲竹槓。
       一碗紅豆湯換一個家族中長子有的權力,一看就知道是不平等條約,但是以掃怎麼會答應呢?人無遠憂必有近慮,眼前的慾望總是迷惑人的理智。以掃完全不假思索,答應雅各的要求。以掃的盲點,是我們共同的問題,不是嗎?
     不過,另一方面,雅各的野心勃勃,處心機慮要搶哥哥的長子權,加上母親推波助瀾,一起騙到了長子權。紅豆湯的象徵什麼?長子權呢?
     當以撒過世,兄弟鬩牆更烈,雅各得遠離家鄉,免得被以掃追殺。
     兄弟爭遺產的事件,古今中外太多例子,以掃和雅各的故事,寫的精簡有力,道破人性弱點。用字可能含蓄委婉,我們得用心體會沒寫出來的內心戲,但短短幾節微妙點出這一家的問題。












Genesis 25 New International Version (NIV)

27 The boys grew up, and Esau became a skillful hunter, a man of the open country, while Jacob was content to stay at home among the tents. 28 Isaac, who had a taste for wild game, loved Esau, but Rebekah loved Jacob.

29 Once when Jacob was cooking some stew, Esau came in from the open country, famished. 30 He said to Jacob, “Quick, let me have some of that red stew! I’m famished!” (That is why he was also called Edom.)
31 Jacob replied, “First sell me your birthright.”
32 “Look, I am about to die,” Esau said. “What good is the birthright to me?”
33 But Jacob said, “Swear to me first.” So he swore an oath to him, selling his birthright to Jacob.

34 Then Jacob gave Esau some bread and some lentil stew. He ate and drank, and then got up and left.

So Esau despised his birthright.


2016年3月9日 星期三

《創世紀》講故事的一流功力


請先慢慢讀、大聲朗誦《創世記》 22章1-14節三次。
—讀完三次,那些問題浮現在你的腦海?

第一,我想知道那座山到底在那兒? 爬山上去倒底花了多少時間?


—仔細找找,整段文字的時間提示只有: sometime later, Early the next morning,之後故事就一直連續下去,彷彿爬這座山可以只要花半小時。但是因為大部分沉默地走著,我想那可愛的以撒(Isaac)一定覺得很悶,登山過程想是歷經千年萬年之苦。


這座山在那兒? 這卷書有提到一個地名Moriah,可以從https://bible.fhl.net/ 查到地圖相關位置,此事件後,Abraham會前往Beersheba。可以運用網路系統一探究竟,發現當地情景,最重要的是現代人是開車上山,而不是騎驢或是走路。


不過,剛剛提到的地點是用現在科技找出來的,這段文字提到此地,只說: one of the mountains,the place God told him about,十分神祕的聖山,好像只有Abraham知道。

精簡的文字,沒有冗字,反而增添莊嚴肅穆、神秘、和無窮的想像空間。
這趟旅程主要是Abraham帶隊,帶著Isaac,另外有兩個僕人,還牽著驢;到山腳時,Abraham還命令僕人牽著驢留下。所以,曾經有一段路,只有父子倆默默地爬上山,除了火苗和木頭,沒帶其他東西。沒提到有沒有帶水? 零食?手機? 相機…..。如果是一日往返的登山之旅,應該準備一些其他物資吧?!
Isaac問了最重要的一個問題,羊呢?
這段文字中,出現兩次 Here I am,當上帝呼喊時,Abraham總是馬上回應,這種呼喊與回應,說明Abraham隨時待命,主動、積極與正面面對生命中的每一個機緣。
英文的責任一字,responsibility,就是從respond一詞衍生,回應,立即的回應就是一種責任感。
"The Lord will provide",多麼重要的心態!試問,Abraham的信心從何而來? 那就是他深知 神必預備,何必擔憂?默默、認真做手上的工作,不必擔心未來,不必害怕缺乏,篤定的心志,勇敢向前行。

你從這14節文字學到甚麼?是Abraham的傻?還是看到他的信心? 還是知道懂得珍惜每個機緣,回應"Here I am",樂意付出? 你的理想是甚麼? 你願意犧牲自己最愛的東西,達到那理想嗎?
Genesis 22:1-14
—  22 Some time later God tested Abraham. He said to him, “Abraham!”
—  “Here I am,” he replied.
—  2 Then God said, “Take your son, your only son, whom you love—Isaac—and go to the region of Moriah. Sacrifice him there as a burnt offering on a mountain I will show you.”
—  3 Early the next morning Abraham got up and loaded his donkey. He took with him two of his servants and his son Isaac. When he had cut enough wood for the burnt offering, he set out for the place God had told him about.4 On the third day Abraham looked up and saw the place in the distance. 5 He said to his servants, “Stay here with the donkey while I and the boy go over there. We will worship and then we will come back to you.”
—  6 Abraham took the wood for the burnt offering and placed it on his son Isaac, and he himself carried the fire and the knife. As the two of them went on together, 7 Isaac spoke up and said to his father Abraham, “Father?”
—  “Yes, my son?” Abraham replied.
—  “The fire and wood are here,” Isaac said, “but where is the lamb for the burnt offering?”
—  8 Abraham answered, “God himself will provide the lamb for the burnt offering, my son.” And the two of them went on together.
—  9 When they reached the place God had told him about, Abraham built an altar there and arranged the wood on it. He bound his son Isaac and laid him on the altar, on top of the wood. 10 Then he reached out his hand and took the knife to slay his son. 11 But the angel of the Lord called out to him from heaven, “Abraham! Abraham!”
—  “Here I am,” he replied.
—  12 “Do not lay a hand on the boy,” he said. “Do not do anything to him. Now I know that you fear God, because you have not withheld from me your son, your only son.”
—  13 Abraham looked up and there in a thicket he saw a ramcaught by its horns. He went over and took the ram and sacrificed it as a burnt offering instead of his son. 14 So Abraham called that place The Lord Will Provide. And to this day it is said, “On the mountain of the Lord it will be provided.”
英文版《聖經》網站:https://www.biblegateway.com/