ᾤχετο γὰρ καὶ κεῖσε θοῆς ἐπὶ νηὸς Ὀδυσσεὺς
φάρμακον ἀνδροφόνον διζήμενος, ὄφρα οἱ εἴη
ἰοὺς χρίεσθαι χαλκήρεας: (Od. 1.249-251)
For thither, too, went Odysseus in his swift ship in search of a deadly
drug, that he might have it to smear his bronze-tipped arrows with;
φάρμακον drug
ἀνδροφόνος man-slaying
ἰός arrow
雅典娜編了一個故事，表面上目的是要告訴Telemachus他的父親應該還沒死，但深層意義是預告奧德修斯將返回家園復仇；故事中的奧德修斯正在尋覓一種致死的毒藥，可以塗抹在弓箭上，所以等他一回家，這群追求者就必遭到報復。
下圖與資料出處: THE ARROW SHOOTING OF ANCIENT GREEK PRACTICE AND TACTICS
https://koryvantesstudies.org/studies-in-english-language/page210-2/
The Greek archer starts his form with bow lowered
as he nocks the arrow into the string, the arrow itself hanging lower than the
bow and the bowarm almost perpendicular to the shoulderline. Image may be
copyrighted, source theoi.com
Third period: the Classical era 5-4th centuries
BC. With the exception of local peculiarities as in Crete, the archers in Greek
service are either imported foreigners (possibly Greeks from other areas), or
natives developed in authoritarian regimes as internal security. The tyrant
Polycrates of Samos has 1000 of them, (Herodotus 3.39) definitely Greeks and
possibly (but not probably) Samians and Peisistratos of Athens a body of
Scythians [Figures 1b, 1c]. Irrespective of their origin they can integrate
into a phalanx and shoot covered by the hoplite shield formation (“parentaxis”,
Figure 1d), most probably from a semi-kneeled position. This concept is very
near the previous Mycenaean (in the Iliad) – and Near Eastern – method of use.
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